Speaking in a Second Language

This concluding chapter presents an overview of the speaking skill in the history of language teaching from the Grammar Translation Method to current Task-based Approach. It then moves on to the role of speaking in current usage-based perspectives, which view language as a social activity and where the social and the cognitive are no longer considered separate entities. As meaning is at the centre and language is considered to emerge out of usage, spoken interaction is promoted and speaking is considered both a social and a cognitive construct. We will observe how the different chapters in the volume fall within usage-based approaches and some of them provide usage-based inspired pedagogy. Finally, future research directions are proposed.

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